Effect of Broiler Litter Based Complete Feed Fermentation Time on Nutrient Content and In vitro Digestibility

Nikomedes Anndhana Engtian Kilimpares, Raka Zacky Firzatullah, Dhita Indah Andara, Sri Mukodiningsih

Abstract

Broiler litter waste is increasing as the population of broiler chickens increases, on the other hand the need for ruminant feed is increasing so that alternative feeds are needed in the form of complete feed made from litter. This study was aimed to determine the effect of fermentation time on the nutritional content and digestibility of the complete feed. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications were applied in this study. Treatment T0 = not fermented; T1 = fermentation for 10 days; T2 = fermentation for 24 days; T3 = fermentation for 38 days. Parameters observed were nutrient content, VFA, NH3, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility in vitro using cow rumen. Results showed that  fermention of complete feed with 2.5% EM4 starter and 5% probiofeed for 38 days (T3) had a significant effect (P<0.05) on nutrient content, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, VFA and NH3.  The T3 significantly affected ash content, crude fat, crude protein, BETN, TDN, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, VFA, and NH3 but had no significant effect on water content and crude fiber. It is concluded that the complete feed could be used as an alternative feed for ruminants, and it is easy to obtain, cheap and able to reduce environmental pollution.

Keywords

Complete feed; Digestibility; Fermentation; Litter; Nutrient

Full Text:

PDF

References

[AOAC] Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2005. Official methods of analysis. 18th ed. Washington DC (USA): Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

Aang R, Abun, Tjitjah A. 2012. Pengaruh dosis dan lama fermentasi buah ketapang (Ficus lyrata) oleh bacillus licheniformis terhadap kandubgan protein kasar dan lemak kasar. Students e-Journal. 1:1–5.

Akinfala E, Komolafe O. 2011. Evaluation of different processing methods on the nutrient composition of broiler litter and its utilization by weaner pigs in the tropics. Livest Res Rural Dev. 23:1–5.

Amrullah M, Tampoebolon B, Prasetyono B. 2019. Kajian pengaruh proses fermentasi sekam padi amoniasi menggunakan aspergillus niger terhadap serat kasar, protein kasar, dan total digestible nutrients. J Pengemb Penyul Pertan. 16:25–31.

Badan Pusat Statistik. 2019. Populasi ayam ras pedaging menurut provinsi (ekor), 2009-2019. [accessed 2021 Feb 12]. https://www.bps.go.id/linkTableDinamis/view/id/1034.

Badarina I, Evvyernie D, Toharmat T, Herliyana E. 2014. Fermentabilitas rumen dan kecernaan in vitro ransum yang disuplementasi kulit buah kopi produk fermentasi jamur Pleurotus ostreatus. J Sains Peternak Indones. 9:102–109.

Elemam M, Fadelelseed A, Salih A. 2009. Growth performance, digestibility, N-balance and rumen fermentation of lambs fed different levels of deep-stack broiler litter. Res J Anim Vet Sci. 4:9–16.

Flachowsky G, Hennig A. 1990. Composition and digestibility of untreated and chemically treated animal excreta for ruminants a review. Biol Wastes. 31:17–36.

Hamid H, Purwadaria T, Haryati T, Sinurat A. 1999. Perubahan nilai bilangan peroksida bungkil kelapa dalam proses penyimpanan dan fermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger. JITV. 4:101–107.

Hilakore M. 2008. Peningkatan nutrisi putak melalui fermentasi campuran Trichoderma reesei dan Aspergillus niger sebagai pakan ruminansia. Bogor (indones): IPB University.

Irawan P, Sutrisno C, Utama C. 2012. Komponen proksimat pada kombinasi jerami padi dan jerami jagung yang difermentasi dengan berbagai aras isi rumen kerbau. Animal Agriculture Journal. 1 (2): 17-30.

Joseph G. 2020. Evaluasi kecernaan in-vitro dan kandungan nutrien pada lamtoro mineral blok (lmb) sebagai pakan suplemen untuk ternak ruminansia. J Hutan Pulau-Pulau Kecil. 4:169–203.

Munawaroh L, Budisatria I, Suwignyo B. 2015. Pengaruh pemberian fermentasi complete feed berbasis pakan lokal terhadap konsumsi, konversi pakan, dan feed cost kambing bligon. Bul Peternak. 39:167–173.

Nugroho A, Muhtarudin M, Erwanto E, Fathul F. 2020. Pengaruh perlakuan fermentasi dan amoniasi kulit singkong terhadap nilai kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik ransum pada domba jantan. J Ris dan Inov Peternak. 4:119–125.

Orskov E. 1988. Nutrición proteica de los rumiantes/Protein nutrition in ruminants. 2nd ed. San Diego (USA): Academic Press Inc.

Pakpahan P, Irjon R, Pujaningsih W. 2019. Evaluasi komposisi nutrien kulit ubi kayu dengan berbagai perlakuan sebagai bahan pakan kambing lokal. J Pengemb Penyul Pertan. 15:49–57.

Pamungkas W. 2011. Teknologi fermentasi, alternatif solusi dalam upaya pemanfaatan bahan pakan lokal. Media Akuakultur. 6:43–48.

Putri GRA, Chuzaemi S. 2021. Level penggunaan Aspergillus oryzae pada fermentasi kulit ubi kayu (Manihot utilissima) terhadap kandungan HCN, TDN dan pH. J Nutr Ternak Trop. 4:60–69.

Rustan I. 2013. Studi isolasi and identifikasi bakteri asam laktat dari fermentasi cabai rawit (Capsicum frutencens L.): Makassar (indones): Hasanuddin University.

Saputro R, Fathul F, Widodo Y. 2015. Pengaruh lama fermentasi dengan media Trametes Sp. terhadap organoleptik, kadar air, dan lemak pada limbah daun nenas di Lampung tengah. J Ilm Peternak Terpadu. 3:68–74.

Sarkar P, Meghvanshi M, Singh R. 2011. Microbial consortium; a new approach in effective degradation of organic kitchen waste. Int J Environmenmtal Sci Dev. 2:170–174.

Semaun R, Novieta I. 2016. Analisis kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasar tongkol jagung sebagai pakan ternak alternatif dengan lama fermentasi yang berbeda. J Galung Trop. 5:71–79.

Shahowna E, Mahala A, Mokhtar A, Amasaib E, Attaelmnan B. 2013. Evaluation of nutritive value of sugar canebagasse fermented with poultry litter asanimal feed. African J Food Sci Technol. 4:106–109.

Sumadi S, Subrata A, Sutrisno S. 2017. Produksi protein total dan kecernaan protein daun kelor secara in vitro. J Sain Peternak Indones. 12:419–423.

Superianto S, Harahap A, Ali A. 2018. Nilai nutrisi silase limbah sayur kol dengan penambahan dedak padi dan lama fermentasi yang berbeda. J Sain Peternak Indones. 13:104–111.

Syahrulawal L, Rianto E, Arifin M. 2016. Kondisi cairan rumen serta produksi protein mikroba pada Sapi Madura jantan yang diberi complete feed dengan jumlah berbeda. Semarang (Indones): Diponegoro University.

Tilley J, Terry R. 1963. A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage. J Br Grassl Soc. 18:104–111.

Wajizah S, Samadi S, Usman Y, Mariana E. 2015. Evaluasi Nilai Nutrisi dan Kecernaan In vitro Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Oil Palm Fronds) yang Difermentasi Menggunakan Aspergillus niger dengan Penambahan Sumber Karbohidrat yang Berbeda. J Agripet. 15:13–19.

Wijayanti E, Wahyono F, Surono. 2012. Kecernaan nutrien dan fermentabilitas pakan komplit dengan level ampas tebu yang berbeda secara in vitro. Anim Agric J. 1:167–179.

Yanuartono Y, Nururrozi A, Indarjulianto S, Haribowo N, Purnamaningsih H, Raharjo S. 2019. Manure unggas: suplemen pakan alternatif dan dampak terhadap lingkungan. J Bioteknol Biosains Indones. 5:241. h

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.