Potential Transmission of Zoonotic Tuberculosis Disease from Livestock to Humans
Abstract
Zoonotic Tuberculosis (Ztb) is caused by member of group bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex which can attack animals as reservoirs and is zoonotic so that it can be transmitted and infected humans. This paper aims to review about zoonotic tuberculosis which includes: causative agents, modes of transmission, risk factors and prevention of Ztb transmission from livestock to humans. Based on reviewing 47 literatures, it shows that zoonotic tuberculosis in livestock can be caused by Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprae and Mycobacterium orygis. The disease is transmitted by inhalation and oral routes. The most common risk factors are types of livestock rearing, age of livestock and population or herds size. There are several measures to prevent Ztb transmitted from livestock to humans, such as improving the good maintenance management, implementation of routine surveillance program, increasing vaccination coverage and other preventive measures by taking into account all risk factors that can increase the incidence and transmission of Ztb.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adesokan HK, Akinseye VO, Sulaimon MA. 2018. Knowledge and practices about zoonotic tuberculosis prevention and associated determinants amongst livestock workers in Nigeria. PLoS ONE 13: 1-12.
Agbalaya MA, Ishola OO, Adesokan HK, Fawole OI. 2020. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle and factors associated with risk of disease transmission among cattle handlers at Oko-Oba Abattoir, Lagos, Nigeria. Vet World. 13:1725-1731.
Bailey SS, Crawshaw TR, Smith NH, Palgrave CJ. 2013. Mycobacterium bovis infection in domestic pigs in Great Britain. Vet J. 198:391-397.
Bahiense L, de Ãvila LN, Bavia ME, Amaku M, Dias RA, Grisi-Filho JHH, Neto JSF. 2016. Prevalence and risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias. 37:3549-3559.
Bapat PR, Renuka SD, Seema DS, Aliabbas AH, Amit RN, Anuja PK, Hatim FD, Lokendra KS, Rajpal SK. 2017. Prevalence of zoonotic tuberculosis and associated risk factors in Central Indian populations, J Epidem Glob Health 7:277–283.
Belchior APC, Lopes LB, Picao Goncalves VS, Leite RC. 2016. Prevalence and risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod. 48:373-378.
Biru A, Ameni G, Sori T, Desissa F, Teklu A, Tafess K. 2014. Epidemiology and public health significance of bovine tuberculosis in and around Sululta District, Central Ethiopia. African J Microbiol Res. 8:2352-2358.
Boukary AR, Thys E, Rigouts L, Matthys F, Berkvens D, Mahamadou I, Yenikoye A, Saegerman C. 2012. Risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis and molecular characterization of mycobacterium bovis strains in urban setting in Niger. Transbound Emerg Dis. 59:490-502.
Daulay MU. 2015. Kajian prevalensi dan faktor risiko penyakit tuberkulosis pada sapi perah di wilayah bogor serta pengembangan media kultur Mycobacterium bovis [Disertasi]. [Bogor (Indonesia)]: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Dejene SW, Heitkonig IMA, Prins HHT, Lemma FA, Mekonnen DA, Alemu ZE, Keikay TZ, de Boer WF. 2016. Risk Factors for Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) in Cattle in Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 11:1-16.
Dias RA, Ulloa-Stanojlovic FM, Belchior APC, Ferreira R, Goncalves RC, Barai de Aguiar RSC, Sousa P, Santos AMA, Amaku M, Ferreira F, Telles EO, Grisi-Filho JHH, Goncalves JSV, Heinemman MB, Neto JSF. 2016. Pevalence and risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias. 37:3673-3684.
Ereqat S, Nasereddin A, Levine H, Azmi K, Al-Jawabreh A. 2013. First-time detection of Mycobacterium bovis in livestock tissues and milk in the West Bank, Palestinian territories. PLoS Negl Trop Dis.7:e2417.
Escárcega DAV, Razo CAP, RuÃz SG, Gallegos SLS, Suazo FM, Alarcón GJC. 2020. Analysis of bovine tuberculosis transmission in Jalisco, Mexico through whole-genome sequencing. J Vet Res. 64:51-61.
Fielding HR, McKinley TJ, Delahay RJ, Silk MJ, McDonald RA. 2020. Effects of trading networks on the risk of bovine tuberculosis incidents on cattle farms in Great Britain. R Soc Open Sci. 7:1-11.
Ghebremariam MK, Michel AL, Vernooij JCM, Nielen M, Rutten VPMG. 2018. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle, goats, and camels of traditional livestock raising communities in Eritrea. BMC Vet Res. 14:1-13.
Guta S, Casal J, Garcia-Saenz A, Saez JL, Pacios A, Garcia P, Napp S, Allepuz A. 2014. Risk factors for bovine tuberculosis persistence in beef herds of Southern and Central Spain. Prev Vet Med. 115:173–180.
Habitu T, Areda D, Muwonge A, Tessema GT, Skjerve E, Gebrehiwot T. 2019. Prevalence and risk factors analysis of bovine tuberculosis in cattle raised in mixed crop-livestock farming system in Tigray region, Ethiopia. Transbound Emerg Dis. 66:488-496.
Higino SSS, Pinheiro SR, Oliveira de Souza G, Dib CC, do Rosário TR, Melville PA, Alves CJ, de Azevedo SS. 2011. Mycobacterium bovis infection in goats from the northeast region of Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 42:1437-1439.
Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Moreno I, Roy A, Risalde MA, Balseiro A, de Juan L, Romero B, Bezos J, Puentes E, Ã…kerstedt J, Tessema GT, Gortázar C, DomÃnguez L, DomÃnguez M. 2019. Specificity of serological test for detection of tuberculosis in cattle, goats, sheep and pigs under different epidemiological situations. BMC Vet Res. 15:1-8.
Kaneene JB, Miller RA, Kaplan B, Steele JH, Thoen CO. 2014. Preventing and controlling zoonotic tuberculosis: a one health approach. Veterinaria Italiana. 50:7-22.
Kassa A, Enquselassi F, Aseffa A, Beyen D. 2015. Bovine tuberculosis (btb) as a risk factor for developing tuberculosis in humans in the rural community of Ethiopia: A- case control study. Ethiop Med J. 53:1-8.
Kemal J, Sibhat B, Abraham A, Terefe Y, Tulu KT, Welay K, Getahun N. 2019. Bovine tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia: prevalence, risk factors and its public health importance. BMC Infect Dis. 19:1-9.
Kock, R, Michel AL, Yeboah-Manu D, Azhar EI, Torrelles JB, Cadmus SI, Zumla A. 2021. Zoonotic tuberculosis–the changing landscape. Int J Infect Dis. 113:S68-S72.
Lipiec M, Radulski L, Szulowski K. 2019. A case of bovine tuberculosis in pigs in Poland--a country free from the disease. Ann Agric Environ Med. 26:29-32.
Mahatmi H, Suratma NA, Besung NK, Budiasa K, Widiarsa GP. 2014. Seroprevalensi tuberkulosis pada sapi bali sebagai langkah awal monitoring pencegahan penyakit zoonosis (new emerging disease) di provinsi bali. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biosains I. hlm. 101-106. ISBN: 978-602-294-065-4.
Marsot M, Béral M, Scoizec A, Mathevon Y, Durand B, Courcoul A. 2016. Herd-level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in French cattle herds. Prev Vet Med. 131:31-40.
Moiane I, Machado A, Santos N, Nhambir A, Inlamea O, Hattendorf J, Ka¨llenius G, Zinsstag J, Correia-Neves M. 2014. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and risk factor assessment in cattle in rural livestock areas of govuro district in the southeast of mozambique. PLoS ONE. 9:1-9.
Mondal MAH, Parvin MS, Sarker SC, Rahman AKMA, Islam MT. 2014. Prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in Mymensingh Sadar. Bangl J Vet Med. 12:179-183.
Munoz-Mendoza M, Romero B, del Cerro A, Gortazar C, Garcıa-Marın JF, Menendez S, Mourelo J, de Juan L, Saez JL, Delahay RJ, Balseiro A. 2015. Sheep as a potential source of bovine TB: epidemiology, pathology and evaluation of diagnostic techniques. Transbound Emerg Dis. 63:635-646.
Naima S, Borna M, Bakir M, Djamel Y, Fadila B, Jakob Z, Djamel G. 2011. Tuberculosis in cattle and goats in the North of Algeria. Vet Res. 4:100-103.
Narrod C, Zinsstag J, Tiongco M. 2012. A one health framework for estimating the economic costs of zoonotic diseases on society. Ecohealth. 9:150-162.
Nazimul Islam M, Khan MK, Khan MFR, Kostoulas P, AnisurRahman AKM, Mahbub Alam M. 2021. Risk factors and true prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Bangladesh. PLoS ONE. 16:1-15.
Nugent G. 2011. Maintenance, spillover and spillback transmission of bovine tuberculosis in multi-host wildlife complexes: a New Zealand case study. Vet Microbiol. 151:34-42.
Pendell DL, Lusk JL, Marsh TL, Coble KH, Szmania SC. 2016. Economic assessment of zoonotic diseases : An illustrative study of rift valley fever in the United States. Transbound Emerg Dis. 63:203-214.
Rahman MM, Khan MFR, Nazmul Hussain Nazir KHM, Bahanur Rahman M. 2013. Prevalence of bovine and avian tuberculosis in sheep and goat population of Bangladesh. Sci J Microbiol. 2:1-8.
Rahim Z, Thapa J, Fukushima Y, van der Zanden AGM, Gordon SV, Suzuki Y. 2017. Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium orygis in dairy cattle and captured monkeys in Bangladesh: a new scenario of tuberculosis in South Asia. Transbound Emerg Dis. 64:1965–1969.
RodrÃguez S, Bezos J, Romero B, de Juan L, Ãlvarez J, Castellanos E, Moya N, Lozano F, Javed MT, Sáez-Llorente JL, Liébana E, Mateos A, DomÃnguez L, Aranaz A, and The Spanish Network on Surveillance and Monitoring of Animal Tuberculosis. 2011. Mycobacterium caprae infection in livestock and wildlife, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis. 17:532-535.
Shaheenur Islam SK, Rumi TB, Lutful Kabir SM, van der Zanden AGM, Kapur V, Anisur Rahman AKM, Ward MP, Bakker D, Ross AG, Rahim Z. 2020. Bovine tuberculosis prevalence and risk factors in selected districts of Bangladesh. PLoS ONE. 15:1-18.
Sichewo PR, Michel AL, Musoke J, Etter EMC. 2019. Risk factors for zoonotic tuberculosis at the wildlife–livestock–human interface in South Africa. Pathogens. 8:2-14.
Silva MCP, Gonçalves VSP, Mota ALAA, Koloda M, Neto JSF, Grisi-Filho JHH, Dias RA, Amaku M, Telles EO, Ferreira F, Heinemann MB, Alfieri AA, Muller EE. 2016. Prevalence and herd-level risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias Londrina. 37:3611-3624.
Singhla T, Boonyayatra S, Punyapornwithaya V, VanderWaal KL, Alvarez J, Sreevatsan S, Phornwisetsirikun S, Sankwan J, Srijun M, Wells SJ. 2017. Factors affecting herd status for bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in Northern Thailand. Hindawi Vet Med Intern. 2017:2964389.
Tembo NFP, Muma JB, Hang’ombe B, Munyeme M. 2020. Clustering and spatial heterogeneity of bovine tuberculosis at the livestock/wildlife interface areas in Namwala District of Zambia. Vet World. 478-488.
Teppawar RN, Chaudhari SP, Moon SL, Shinde S, Khan WA, Patil AR. 2018. Zoonotic tuberculosis: A concern and strategies to combat. In: Enany S, editor. Basic biology and applications of actinobacteria [Internet]. London (UK): IntechOpen.
Thoen CO, James HS, Kaneene JB. 2014. Zoonotic tuberculosis: Mycobacterium bovis and other pathogenic Mycobacteria. 3rd ed. New York (USA): John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 51-62.
Thoen CO, Kaplan B, Thoen TC, Gilsdorf MJ, Shere JA. 2016. Zoonotic tuberculosis. A comprehensive one health approach. Medicina. 76:159-165.
Tschopp R, Bobosha K, Aseffa A, Schelling E, Habtamu M, Iwentu R, Hailu E, Firdessa R, Hussein J, Young D, Zinsstag J. 2011. Bovine tuberculosis at a cattle-small ruminant-human interface in Meskan, Gurage region, Central Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 11:1-10.
Ullah A, Khattak US, Ayaz S, Qureshi MS, Khan I, Jan IU, Khattak I, Taj R, Nigar S, Khan NU, Khan MA, Sohail ML. 2019. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB): prevalence and associated risk factors in large ruminants in the central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pak J Zool. 51:127-133.
Veloso FP, Baumgarten KD, Mota ALAA, Ferreira F, Neto JSF, Grisi-Filho JHH, Dias RA, Amaku M, Telles EO, Gonçalves VSP. 2016. Prevalence and herd-level risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Santa Catarina. Semina: Ciências Agrárias. 37:3659-3672.
Vidal E, Grasa M, Perálvarez T, MartÃn M, Mercader I, Pérez de Val B. 2018. Transmission of tuberculosis caused byMycobacterium capraebetween dairy sheep and goats. Small Rumin Res. 158:22–25.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2017. Zoonotic tuberculosis. Geneva (Swiss): World Health Organization.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2020. Zoonosis. Geneva (Swiss): World Health Organization.
[OIE, WHO, FAO] World Organization for Animal Health, World Health Organization, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. 2017. Roadmap for zoonotic tuberculosis. Geneva (Swiss): WHO Press.
Yahyaoui-Azami H, Aboukhassib H, Bouslikhane M, Berrada J, Rami S, Reinhard M, Gagneux S, Feldmann J, Borrell S, Zinsstag J. 2017. Molecular characterization of bovine tuberculosis strains in two slaughterhouses in Morocco. BMC Vet Res. 13:1-7.
Yahyaoui-Azami H, Ducrotoy MJ, Bouslikhane M, Hattendorf J, Thrusfield M, Conde-Alvarez R, Moriyon I, Zuniga-Ripa A, Munoz Alvaro PM, Mick V, Bryssinckx W, Welburn SC, Zinsstag J. 2018. The prevalence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in ruminants in Sidi Kacem Province, Morocco. PLoS ONE. 13:1-17.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
