Regulation on Genetically Modified Animals: Proposed and Its Possible Application in Indonesia

Bess Tiesnamurti, Sri Muharsini, M I Shiddieqy

Abstract

The government is responsible for fulfil the needs of safe, healthy and halal food for all its people in a sustainable manner. The world population will increase from 7 to 9 billion people in 2050. While the availability of land may not increase in the future, it may even not be used for agriculture. Scientists are trying to overcome this problem by creating technologies that can increase livestock productivity, one of which is through a genetically modified process. Genetically modified animals are animals that have been genetically modified for many  purposes including yields and disease resistance. Although genetically modified animals are at the last stage of research and the possibility to entering Indonesia remains small, but government should prepare a regulation related to it. European countries and USA have regulations to control genetically modified animals. Malaysia also has applied a similar regulation since 2007. Currently, Indonesia has formed an authority that oversees the genetically modified product, namely Biosafety Commission (Komisi Keamanan Hayati) on genetically modified products. However, this commission only supervises genetically modified organism in food and feed. This paper is aimed to propose the regulation for genetically modified animal that may be entering Indonesia and or be researched by Indonesian scientists.

Keywords

Regulation; genetically modified organism; animal

Full Text:

PDF

References

Andoko E, Candida A, Zmudczynska E. 2018. A review of Indonesia’s agriculture development in recent years 2014-2018 [Internet]. [accessed 22th August 2021]. Available from: https://ap.fftc.org.tw/article/1363.

[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2019. Economic indicators october 2019 publication number 07330.1916. Jakarta (Indonesia): Badan Pusat Statistik.

Brooks J. 2012. Agricultural policies for poverty reduction [Internet]. [accessed 22th August 2021]. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/development/agricultural -policies-for-poverty-reduction-9789264112902-en.htm.

Cotter J, Perls D, 2019. Genetically engineered animals: from lab to factory farm. USA: Friends of the Earth US.

Crist E, Mora C, Engelman R. 2017. The interaction of human population, food production, and biodiversity protection. Sci. 356:260-264. doi: 10.1126/science.aal2011.

D’Odorico P, Carr JA, Laio F, Ridolfi L, Vandoni S. 2014. Feeding humanity through global food trade. Earth’s Future. 2:458–469. doi: 10.1002/2014EF000250.

Decree of Four Minister. 1999. Biosafety and agriculture GMO of food biosafety. Government Regulation No.21/2005: Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organism.

Dewbre J. 2010. Food security. Paris (France): OECD Publication and Information Centre.

EFSA Panel on GMO 2013. Guidance on the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified animals EFSA J. 11:3200. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3200.

EFSA Panels on GMO and Animal Health and Welfare. 2012. Guidance on the risk assessment of food and feed from genetically modified animals and animal health and welfare aspects. EFSA J. 10:2501. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2501.

Gore M. 2021. Genetically engineered animals as food: A regulatory framework under-prepared. UNSW Law J Student. Series 4.

Indonesia Ministry of Agriculture. 2020. Livestock and animal health statistics 2020. Jakarta (Indonesia): Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health.

Kuiken T, Kuzma J. 2021. Genome editing in Latin America: Regional regulatory overview discussion. Inter American Development Bank, Environment Rural Development and Disaster Risk Management Division. Paper No IDB-DP-00877.] [Internet]. [accessed 22th August 2021]. Available from: http://www.iadb.org.

Law No. 21/2004. 2004. Ratification of Cartagena Protocol.

Law No. 5 /1994, United Nation Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

Lievens A, Petrillo M, Querci M, Patak A. 2015. Genetically modified animals: Options and issues for traceability and enforcement. Trends Food Sci Technol. 44:159-176. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.05.001.

Ministry of Agriculture Decree No 36/2016. 2016. Biosafety risk assessment for feed.

Ministry of Agriculture Decree No 50/2020. 2020. Supervising and controlling plant varieties of agricultural genetically modified organisms distributing in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia.

[OECD] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2012. OECD environmental outlook to 2050. Washington DC (US): OECD Publishing.

Pasquito LN, 2019. The biosafety regulatory approach and governance mechanism of GM crops in the Philippines. Iapa Proceedings Conference. p. 620-649. doi: 10.30589/proceedings.2019.290.

Pritchett-Corning KR, Landel CP. 2015. Genetically modified animals. laboratory animal medicine. Chapter 32. USA: American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. p. 1417-1440.

Regulation of National Agency of Drug and Food Control No. 6/2018, Indonesia. Supervision on Genetically Modified Food Product.

Robinson TP, Thornton PK, Franceschini G, Kruska RL, Chiozza F, Notenbaert A, Cecchi G, Herrero M, Epprecht M, Fritz S, You L, Conchedda G, See L. 2011. Global livestock production systems. Rome (Italy): Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). p. 152.

Taiz L. 2013. Agriculture, plant physiology, and human population growth: past, present, and future. Theor Exp Plant Physiol. 25:167-181.

UK Statutory Instruments No. 1663, 2014. Health and safety the genetically modified organisms (contained sse), Regulations 2014 [Internet]. [accessed 22th August 2021]. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov. uk/uksi/2014/1663.

Veitenheimer EE. 2016. Challenges and opportunities facing the evolving field of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). USA: Thomson Reuters/Aspatore

Vieira LR, Freitas NC, Justen F, de Jesus Miranda V, de Oliveira Garcia B, Nepomuceno AL, Fuganti-Pagliarini R, Felipe MSS, Molinari HBC, Velini EDE, de Campos Pinto R, Dagli MLZ, Andrade G, Fernandes PMB, Mertz-Henning LM, Kobayashi AK. 2021. Regulatory framework of genome editing in Brazil and worldwide [Internet]. [accessed 22th August 2021]. Available from: https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/bitstream/doc/1132164/1/Regulatory-framework-of-genome-CAP-5.pdf

Zadoks JC, Waibel H. 2000. From pesticides to genetically modified plants: history, economics and politics. Wageningen J Life Sci 48:125-149. doi: 10.1016/S1573-5214(00)80010-X.

 DOI  https://doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v31i4.2972

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.

Copyright (c)  2021 WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats

Bookmark and Share